The four Fs but why are they important? Lets start with Friends.
Horses are herd animals—they are not designed to live alone. They can form strong bonds and friendships with their herd members. When they mutually groom each other its a great way for them to socialise and reduce stress. Being along can cause anxiety which can present as calling out, pacing and even depression. They look switched off and vacant. They can also develop stereotypical behaviours such as weaving, cribbing, windsucking and box walking. These are the horses way of releasing tension and coping with stress.
Forage. Horses are designed to graze for up to 16–18 hours a day. This keeps the digestive system moving, crucial for colic prevention. It also helps reduce stomach acid which helps prevent ulcers. All in all constant access to good quality forage helps to support a healthy gut and microbiome. Think “little and often”—their stomach is small but constantly producing acid.
Freedom. Horses are built to move almost constantly—not stand in a stable for long periods. Constant movement supports joints, hooves and muscle health. It improves circulation which is important for hoof growth and a health lymphatic system. Whilst not always possible (box rest for injury recovery) its important to do everything you can to keep a horse moving. If we don't horses can develop stiffness and poor physical condition. Increased risk of lameness and frustration and pent up energy. Even small increases in turnout or track systems can massively improve wellbeing.